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夺回阿富汗后,塔利班继承了大量美国制造的武器

2021-08-27 06:53  ABC   - 

这塔利班夺取…的控制权不仅仅是领土来自阿富汗军队的袭击阿富汗这个月。当这个激进组织在8月14日推翻喀布尔时,画面显示其战士手持美国制造的步枪,在黑鹰直升机旁摆姿势。

五角大楼官员告诉美国广播公司新闻,他们不知道有明确的想法美国制造的设备有多少现在在手中但是政府的报告提供了该组织现在武器库中可能有什么的线索。

自2005年以来,美国通过国会阿富汗安全部队基金,在阿富汗军队和警察上总共花费了约800亿美元,这是这笔资金的主要来源。超过180亿美元专门用于“设备和运输,“根据一个七月报告来自美国阿富汗重建特别监察长。

其余的钱用于维持、培训、运营和基础设施。

根据政府问责局(GAO)的数据,2004年至2016年间,阿富汗军队获得的武器包括超过25,000个榴弹发射器、近65,000挺机枪和约360,000支步枪报告。这些武器包括美国现役步枪,如M16和M4,以及一些俄罗斯设计的AK-47和德拉古诺夫狙击步枪。

数以千计的间接火力武器,如迫击炮和122毫米榴弹炮也被送给了阿富汗人。

国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文(Jake Sullivan)上周对记者表示:“显然,我们并不完全了解每一件国防材料都去了哪里,但肯定有相当一部分落入了塔利班手中。

除了常规武器,美国还向阿富汗人提供了大量的空中和地面车辆。

美国广播公司新闻高级外交记者伊恩·潘内尔在塔利班占领喀布尔时,报道称看到塔利班武装分子驾驶悍马。根据美国政府问责局的报告,考虑到战败的阿富汗安全部队在战争期间获得了大约22,000辆悍马车,这可能并不奇怪。

再加上42,000辆福特Ranger皮卡和约1,000辆MRAPs,这些大型重型车辆用于保护部队免受路边炸弹的袭击。

在空中作战方面,美国向阿富汗空军提供了40架侦察/攻击用MD-530“小鸟”直升机、30多架UH-60黑鹰直升机和23架A-29超级图卡诺螺旋桨攻击机。

并非所有这些都留给了塔利班。国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀(Lloyd Austin)上周罕见地在公开场合露面,他说:“我收到了一些报告,称有多架飞机飞入乌兹别克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦。”

根据前副助理国务卿和美国广播公司新闻供稿人史蒂夫·甘亚德的说法,视频显示塔利班武装分子在其中一些飞机前摆姿势,但新的塔利班空军不太可能出现。

他说:“美国飞机,他们将无法维护——他们可能会以现金出售它们。“这是他们将使用的地面设备。”

让先进的飞机保持飞行状态需要很强的维护能力和机械专业知识——这是阿富汗空军自己也在努力奋斗的事情,即使有美国的援助。

甘亚德说,虽然许多美国制造的物资现在都在塔利班的控制之下,但在预计的8月31日撤军最后期限之后的某个时候,军方可能会试图将其中一些物资从等式中移除。

他说:“一旦美国公民的空运完成,美国将可以选择轰炸储存区和销毁设备。
 

The Taliban inherited a vast American-made arsenal after retaking Afghanistan

TheTalibanwrested control ofmore than just territoryfrom Afghan forces as it tore throughAfghanistanthis month. By the time the militant group toppled Kabul on Aug. 14, images had emerged showing its fighters holding American-made rifles and posing next to Blackhawk helicopters.

Pentagon officials have told ABC News they don'thave a clear ideaof just how much U.S.-made equipment isnow in the handsof the Taliban, but government reports give clues to what the group could now have in its arsenal.

Since 2005, the U.S. has spent a total of about $80 billion on Afghan troops and police through the congressional Afghanistan Security Forces Fund, the main source of such money. More than $18 billion went specifically to "equipment andtransportation," according to a Julyreportfrom the U.S. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, or SIGAR.

The rest of the money went toward sustainment, training, operations and infrastructure.

The weapons given to Afghan forces between 2004-2016 included more than 25,000 grenade launchers, nearly 65,000 machine guns and about 360,000 rifles, according to a Government Accountability Office (GAO)report. The firearms consisted of U.S. service rifles like the M16 and M4 as well as some Russian-designed AK-47s and Dragunov sniper rifles.

Thousands of indirect-fire weapons such as mortars and 122mm howitzers were also given to the Afghans.

"We don't have a complete picture, obviously, of where every article of defense materials has gone, but certainly a fair amount of it has fallen into the hands of the Taliban," national security adviser Jake Sullivan told reporters last week.

In addition to conventional weapons, the U.S. gave the Afghans a large fleet of air and ground vehicles.

ABC News Senior Foreign Correspondent Ian Pannell, who was in Kabul as the Taliban took over the city, reported seeing Taliban militants driving Humvees. This is perhaps not surprising when considering the defeated Afghan security forces were given some 22,000 Humvees during the course of the war, according to the GAO report.

Add to that 42,000 Ford Ranger pick-up trucks and about 1,000 MRAPs, the large, heavy vehicles used to protect troops against roadside bombs.

For air operations, the U.S. provided the Afghan air force with 40 scout/attack MD-530 "little bird" helicopters, more than 30 UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters and 23 A-29 Super Tucano propeller attack planes.

Not all of these were left for the Taliban. In a rare public appearance last week, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said, "I have received reports of a number of aircraft that were flown into Uzbekistan and Tajikistan."

Videos have shown Taliban fighters posing by some of these aircraft, but a new Taliban air force is not likely to emerge, according to former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State and ABC News contributor Steve Ganyard.

"The U.S. airplanes, they won't be able to maintain -- they'll likely sell them for cash," he said. "It's the ground equipment they'll use."

Keeping advanced aircraft in flying condition takes serious maintenance ability and mechanical expertise -- something the Afghan air force itself struggled with, even with American assistance.

While much U.S.-made materiel is now under Taliban control, it's possible the military will try to remove some of it from the equation sometime after the expected Aug. 31 withdrawal deadline, according to Ganyard.

"The U.S. will have the option of bombing the storage areas and destroying equipment once the airlift of American citizens is complete," he said.

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