参议院周四提出了一项战争权力决议，这是对特朗普政府的罕见指责，该决议将阻止总统动用美国武装部队在委内瑞拉境内或针对委内瑞拉进行敌对行动，除非得到国会授权。
参议院共和党人的一个小组与所有民主党人一起，以52票对47票的微弱优势推进了这项决议。它需要51票才能向前推进。
这项立法，如果最终得到参议院的批准，还需要得到众议院的批准和总统的签署。该法案没有以无否决权的多数通过参议院，特朗普也不太可能将其签署成为法律。为了推翻总统的否决，国会需要众议院和参议院三分之二的支持。
共和党参议员兰德·保罗、莉萨·穆尔科斯基、托德·杨、苏珊·科林斯和乔希·霍利与所有民主党人一起投票支持这项立法。
美国参议院军事委员会(Senate Armed Services Committee)成员、民主党参议员蒂姆·凯恩推动该决议在唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)总统宣布美国军队开展行动后立即获得投票大规模攻击在委内瑞拉，抓获独裁者尼古拉斯·马杜罗和他的妻子，他们面临联邦指控，包括毒品恐怖主义阴谋和进口可卡因的阴谋。马杜罗和他的妻子提出无罪抗辩本周早些时候。
“接下来会怎样?总统会部署我们的军队来保护伊朗抗议者吗?去执行加沙脆弱的停火协议?打击尼日利亚的恐怖分子?夺取格陵兰或巴拿马运河?镇压美国人和平集会抗议他的政策?凯恩在1月3日的一份声明中说:“特朗普威胁要做所有这些事情，甚至更多，并且认为没有必要在让军人面临风险之前寻求人民选举的立法机构的法律授权。”。
凯恩补充说，“国会早就应该重申其在战争、和平、外交和贸易事务中的关键宪法作用。”
白宫“强烈”反对根据美国广播公司新闻周四获得的管理和预算办公室的一份新备忘录，战争权力决议。
“马杜罗的罪行和其他敌对行动导致了对美国的掠夺性入侵，西半球的不稳定，大规模死亡和人类痛苦，以及对我们国家构成的实质性和持续的危险，”备忘录写道。
备忘录称，如果该决议提交给总统，“他的顾问将建议他否决”该决议。
投票结束后，特朗普叫出了投票支持该决议的共和党参议员，在一篇社交媒体帖子中说，他们“应该感到羞耻”，“永远不会再次当选”。
“这次投票极大地阻碍了美国的自卫和国家安全，阻碍了总统作为总司令的权威，”特朗普发布道。
宪法赋予国会宣战的权力，同时让总统成为军队的总司令。特朗普在委内瑞拉的行动遵循了几十年来总统偶尔在未经国会批准的情况下采取军事行动的模式。
特朗普政府将委内瑞拉的罢工描述为军方推动的执法行动，特朗普表示，美国没有与委内瑞拉开战，但美国将在一段时间内“统治”该国。
周四投票支持该决议的一些共和党人表示，尽管他们支持特朗普对马杜罗的初步行动，但他们不支持在没有国会批准的情况下在该国采取更多行动。
“随着马杜罗被合法抓获，情况已经发生了变化。尽管我支持抓捕尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)的行动，这一行动的准确性和复杂性非同寻常，但我不支持在没有国会具体授权的情况下承诺额外的美国部队，也不支持在委内瑞拉或格陵兰进行任何长期的军事介入，”柯林斯在一份解释她对该措施的支持的声明中说。
投票之前，参议院多数党党鞭约翰·巴拉索敦促参议员否决该决议。
“让我们弄清楚这项决议做了什么，没有做什么。它没有重申国会的权力。这不会让美国变得更强大。这让美国变得更弱、更不安全，”巴拉索在周三的一份声明中表示。
“这会削弱总统合法的宪法权威。这个机构，即美国参议院，被问及美国总统是否有权逮捕被起诉的罪犯。他当然知道。民主党人希望削弱总统执行法律的能力。这是向顽固的毒贩和独裁者发出的错误信息。
Senate advances war powers resolution to rein in Trump on Venezuela
In a rare rebuke to the Trump administration, the Senate on Thursday advanced a war powers resolution that would block the president's use of the U.S. armed forces to engage in hostilities within or against Venezuela unless authorized by Congress.
A small group of Senate Republicans joined with all Democrats to narrowly advance the resolution by a vote of 52-47.It needed 51 votes to move forward.
The legislation, if ultimately approved by the Senate, would still need to be approved by the House and signed by the president. The bill did not pass the Senate with a veto-proof majority and it is unlikely that Trump would sign it into law. In order to override a presidential veto, Congress would need the support of two-thirds of the House and the Senate.
Republican Sens. Rand Paul, Lisa Murkowski, Todd Young, Susan Collins and Josh Hawley voted with all Democrats in favor of the legislation.
Democratic Sen. Tim Kaine, a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, pushed for the resolution to receive a vote immediately after President Donald Trump announced U.S. forces carried outa large-scale attackin Venezuela, capturing dictator Nicolas Maduro and his wife, who are facing federal charges including narcoterrorism conspiracy and conspiracy to import cocaine. Both Maduro and his wifeentered not guilty pleasearlier this week.
"Where will this go next? Will the President deploy our troops to protect Iranian protesters? To enforce the fragile ceasefire in Gaza? To battle terrorists in Nigeria? To seize Greenland or the Panama Canal? To suppress Americans peacefully assembling to protest his policies? Trump has threatened to do all this and more and sees no need to seek legal authorization from people’s elected legislature before putting servicemembers at risk," Kaine said in a statement on Jan. 3.
Kaine added it was "long past time for Congress to reassert its critical constitutional role in matters of war, peace, diplomacy and trade."
The White House "strongly" opposesthe war powers resolution, according to a new memo from the Office of Management and Budget obtained by ABC News on Thursday.
"Maduro’s crimes and other hostile actions have resulted in a predatory incursion into the United States, the destabilization of the Western Hemisphere, massive death and human suffering, and a substantial and ongoing danger posed to our Nation," the memo reads.
The memo stated that if the resolution is presented to the president, "his advisors would recommend that he veto" it.
After the vote, Trump called out the GOP senators who voted for the resolution, saying in a social media post that they "should be ashamed" and "never be elected to office again."
"This Vote greatly hampers American Self Defense and National Security, impeding the President’s Authority as Commander in Chief," Trump posted.
The Constitution vests Congress with the authority to declare war while making the president the commander in chief of the military. Trump's action in Venezuela follows a decadeslong pattern of presidents occasionally taking military action without congressional approval.
The Trump administration described the strike in Venezuela as a law enforcement operation facilitated by the military, and Trump has said the U.S. is not at war with Venezuela but the U.S. will "run" the country for an unspecified period of time.
Some of the Republicans who voted in favor of the resolution on Thursday said that while they were supportive of Trump's initial action against Maduro, they do not support moving forward with additional action in the country without congressional approval.
"With Maduro rightfully captured, the circumstances have now changed. While I support the operation to seize Nicolas Maduro, which was extraordinary in its precision and complexity, I do not support committing additional U.S. forces or entering into any long-term military involvement in Venezuela or Greenland without specific congressional authorization," Collins said in a statement explaining her support for the measure.
Ahead of the vote, Senate Majority Whip John Barrasso urged senators to reject the resolution.
"Let’s be clear about what that resolution does and what it does not do. It does not reassert Congress's powers. It does not make America stronger. It makes America weaker and less safe," Barrasso said in a statement on Wednesday.
"It would weaken the President’s legitimate, constitutional authority. This body, the United States Senate, is being asked whether the President of the United States has the authority to arrest indicted criminals. Of course he does. Democrats want to weaken the President’s ability to enforce the law. That is the wrong message to send to hardened drug traffickers and to dictators," Barrasso added.
